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Metabolism and weight of a dog
Many fans(amateurs) of dogs the question of maintenance of optimum weight of a dog interests. Sometimes for preservation of the form a dog put(plant) on absolutely fantastic diet. For example - on a vegetarian diet or enter powerful albuminous dokorm in the form of soya fiber. Both that and another can play a fatal role having broken(disturbed) a normal course of a metabolism. What is the metabolism? In any alive organism constantly there are processes of construction and disintegration (decomposition) of complex(difficult) organic connections. At decomposition of organic substances in a cell(cage) energy of chemical communications(connections) is allocated. This energy is used on maintenance of a constant body temperature (at dogs of 38-39 degrees of Celsius), work of muscles, construction of other organic connections of a cell(cage), including fibers, fats and carbohydrates, the maximum(supreme) nervous activity. At a normal feed(meal) of an expense of energy are compensated and are in balance with quantity(amount) of the energy acting with food. In natural conditions regulation of reception of food is adjusted(regulated) basically by feeling of famine and feeling of thirst. Water has no kaloricheskoj value, and consequently caloric content of a diet inversely proportional humidity of a food allowance. Nutrients acting in an organism - fats, fibers and carbohydrates are the energy sources, reserved in chemical communications(connections). Splitting of substances leads to liberation of energy. However during a metabolism all energy of chemical communications(connections), but only its(her) certain share which name metabolic energy is used not. Metabolic energy is defined(determined) by features of course of exchange processes in an organism. Each organism has constant and stable enough base metabolic level of power inputs on breath, blood circulation, activity of kidneys. Except for that exists so-called termogenez - additional irregular power inputs on digestion peep, physical work, maintenance of a body temperature or the emergency power expenses caused by not ordinary increase of a metabolism at hit in an organism and neutralizations of some substances of a biological origin, medicines, pesticides or others atypical for the given kind of animal connections. It is extremely important, that power inputs of an organism corresponded(met) to quantity(amount) of acting metabolic energy. At conformity the organism is in a condition of power balance that forms a basis of stability of growth, development and preservation of a homeostasis (a constancy of the internal environment of an organism). Presence even small disbalansa between these processes for a long time leads to development of adiposity or an exhaustion. Excess of metabolic energy on 5 % within a year (according to center WALTHAM) leads to increase in weight of a dog on 6 - 8 %. If during some time the food appears insufficiently high-calorie the organism uses energy of chemical communications(connections) of spare substances - glikogena and fats, leading to their disintegration. Long-term decrease(reduction) in caloric content of food compels(forces) an organism to use energy of chemical communications(connections) not only glikogena and fats (which stocks are exhausted), but also fibers. It leads to the general(common) decrease(reduction) in quantity(amount) of fiber in an organism, first of all to decrease(reduction) in muscular weight. Feeding by unduly high-calorie food meets often enough among fans(amateurs) of dogs. Not used in processes of a power both plastic exchange fats and carbohydrates are postponed in an organism and we see, in the beginning cheerful dogs-толстячков, and then animals corpulent, choking and hardly rearranging leg(foot) with the broken(disturbed) hormonal regulation of many zhiznennovazhnykh processes. Unfortunately, among factory owners of some breeds of dog (pugs, bassetov, bulldogs and t. Item) a popular belief that the weight of an animal should be increased and supported(maintained) specific to breed vysokouglevodnym a feed(meal). Owing to this strategy frequency of adiposity and a diabetes in these breeds many times over above, than at other breeds, that certainly is not pedigree(rocky) feature, and feature of feeding. Unfortunately, the adiposity resulting vysokouglevodnogo feeding, becomes frequent the reason of small mobility of dogs and, thereof, the raised(increased) washing away of calcium from a bone fabric, change of its(her) structure and to development of a bony rarefication and, thereof, the raised(increased) fragility of skeleton. Plastic and power exchange are especially strained at puppies, young, vozbudimykh, mobile and working dogs. The fine dogs having a greater(big) relative surface of a body (the attitude(relation) of the area of a surface of a body to volume) also have greater(big) power expenses. The low ambient temperature, a lactation and a moult, are viscous a dog raise(increase) power inputs. At drawing up of diets it is necessary to consider the general(common) power inputs and caloric content of products, and to plan feeding so that power inputs were blocked by caloric content of food. However not only caloric content it is necessary to be guided at drawing up of a diet. For construction of cellular structures, synthesis of enzymes, hormones and others zhiznennovazhnykh substances receipt of fats, fibers, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral substances in the certain parity(ratio) is required. During the various periods of a life to a dog various parities(ratio) of nutrients are required. Developing a diet for a dog it is necessary to consider its(her) age and individual needs(requirements). Adiposity of dogs can arise not only as a result perekorma or decrease(reductions) in impellent activity, but also as consequence(investigation) of infringement of functioning nervous and endokrinnoj systems - gipotalamusa, a thyroid gland or adrenal glands. Unfortunately, the initial stage of adiposity often does not happen is noticed. It(he) is characterized by instability of appetite and fluctuations of weight - a dog, at, apparently, usual feed(meal) starts that to grow thin to recover. After this stage the phase of the strengthened consumption of food and a set of weight follows. At this time ability of an organism to maintenance of stable weight sharply falls. The further current of process is characterized by decrease(reduction) in power expenses at stable consumption of food. The dog, apparently, eats a little, and its(her) weight is kept at a high level or, even, grows. The factory owner, trying to support(maintain) in norm(rate) should consider weight of a dog, that at, the so-called, "alimentary" adiposity caused by excessive receipt of food substances with food, the most effective means there will be an increase in power expenses, that is increase in duration and intensity of walks under the control of quantity(amount) of acting food and weights of a dog. At defeat endokrinnoj systems effective there will be a correction of the arisen hormonal infringements. About the author: Moskovkina Natalia Nikolaevna, has ended Biological faculty of the Moscow State University it(him). Lomonosov. The biologist-physiologist with the long-term experience of work, the professional teacher, the cynologist-adviser. The owner of the known dogs-champions repeatedly won and winning at national and international exhibitions. The author of many scientific articles on kinologii, the co-author of the book " Genetics and hereditary illnesses of dogs and cats " (Moscow, publishing house " Aquarium ", 2000) which can be ordered here The author: Moskovkina N.N. |